{"id":61749,"date":"2024-10-22T09:29:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T02:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.3d-smartsolutions.com\/?p=61749"},"modified":"2025-04-10T19:43:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T12:43:00","slug":"aluminum-and-alloys-in-mechanical-processing-properties-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/aluminum-and-alloys-in-mechanical-processing-properties-and-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Aluminum and Alloys in Mechanical Processing: Properties and Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aluminum and its alloys are becoming popular materials in mechanical processing<\/strong>. Not only because of its popularity, aluminum also has many outstanding features such as being light, durable and easy to process. This article will help you better understand the properties of aluminum and why it is widely used in many industries, from aviation, automobiles to machinery manufacturing.
\n<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u00f4m L\u00e0 Kim Lo\u1ea1i Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do nh\u00f4m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00f4m chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 r\u1ebb so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Tuy gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, nh\u00f4m v\u1eabn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2. T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t V\u1eadt L\u00fd \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a Nh\u00f4m<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef7 L\u1ec7 S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh\/Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 v\u1eeba nh\u1eb9 v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4.
\n– Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ch\u1ed1ng \u0102n M\u00f2n:<\/strong> Nh\u1edd l\u1edbp oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.
\n– D\u1ec5 Gia C\u00f4ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n d\u1ebbo cao, nh\u00f4m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y CNC, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ee3p Kim V\u00e0 C\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u00f4m<\/h2>\n

Trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, nh\u00f4m h\u1ee3p kim th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m r\u00e8n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00fac, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.1 H\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m r\u00e8n<\/h3>\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ph\u00f4i nh\u00f4m h\u1ee3p kim r\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ph\u00f4i d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m, d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n, d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c thanh\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m r\u00e8n, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh 7 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1xxx: Nh\u00f4m s\u1ea1ch (>99,0%)
\n2xxx: Al-Cu, Al-Cu-Mg,
\n3xxx: Al-Mn
\n4xxx: Al-Si
\n5xxx: Al-Mg
\n6xxx: Al-Mg-Si
\n7xxx: Al-Zn-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
\n8xxx: Al-c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 ba k\u00fd t\u1ef1 xxx th\u00ec k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c, hai k\u00fd t\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u00f4m AA 5052 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 5, h\u1ee3p kim Nh\u00f4m \u2013 Magie (Al\/Mg), phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c (0), c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 52. Nh\u00f4m 5152 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m 5052. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m AA 5052 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m 2, 6, 7, 8 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (heat-treatable) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m 1, 3, 4, 5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (Nonheat-treatable).<\/p>\n

3.2 H\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00fac<\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong khu\u00f4n c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y. H\u1ee3p kim khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m 7 nh\u00f3m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1xx.x: Nh\u00f4m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c.
\n2xx.x: Al-Cu
\n3xx.x: Al-Si-Mg; Al-Si-Cu
\n4xx.x: Al-Si
\n5xx.x: Al-Mg
\n7xx.x: Al-Zn
\n8xx.x: Al-Sn<\/p>\n

(Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 6xx.x)<\/p>\n

Trong ba k\u00fd t\u1ef1 xxx th\u00ec 2 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 x \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p kim, k\u00fd t\u1ef1 x cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (.0) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fac d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecfi (.1 or .2) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u00f4m A356.0, th\u00ec k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u201cA\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m 356.0. S\u1ed1 \u201c3\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m A3xx.x l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m + \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Magie. K\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u201c56\u201d ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean nh\u00f3m trong nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p kim 3xx.x. V\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u201c.0\u201d ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f4i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00fac ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecfi\/thanh.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m r\u00e8n th\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00fac c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m 2, 3, 4 v\u00e0 7) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m 1, 5, 8, 9).<\/p>\n

\u00a04. Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Khi Gia C\u00f4ng Nh\u00f4m<\/h2>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u00f4m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i:
\n– T\u00edch T\u1ee5 V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u D\u00ednh:<\/strong> Nh\u00f4m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft do t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.
\n– Bi\u1ebfn D\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao, nh\u00f4m d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u00a05. M\u1eb9o Gia C\u00f4ng Nh\u00f4m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u00f4m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:
\n– Ch\u1ecdn Th\u00f4ng S\u1ed1 C\u1eaft Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft c\u1ee9ng, s\u1eafc b\u00e9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.
\n– Gi\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ed9 S\u00e2u C\u1eaft:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi gia c\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb9, b\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khi gia c\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aluminum and its alloys are becoming popular materials in mechanical processing. Not only because of its popularity, aluminum also has many outstanding features such as being light, durable and easy to process. This article will help you better understand the properties of aluminum and why it is widely used in many industries, from aviation, automobiles […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":56920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[876],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide-more-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61749"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61749\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3d-smartsolutions.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}